Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes. These systems involve a combination of software, hardware, sensors, and actuators that work together to monitor and control physical environments in real-time. CPS can be found in various applications, including autonomous vehicles, smart grids, industrial automation, and healthcare systems.The key characteristic of CPS is the tight coupling between the cyber (computational) element and the physical world. As data is collected from the physical environment through sensors, it is processed using algorithms, leading to decisions that may affect the physical operations or experiences. Conversely, the physical state can also influence the computational processes.CPS often employs advanced methodologies from fields such as control theory, network science, and computer science to ensure reliable and efficient operation. The goal of cyber-physical systems is to create a seamless interaction between digital and physical realms to enhance the performance, safety, and efficiency of systems in various sectors.